5-Ammonium valeric acid iodide (5-AVAI; CAS Number: 1705581-28-7) is used as an additive in the preparation of perovskite-based solar cells to improve their stability. Mei et al. (2014) added 5-AVAI to the perovskite solution containing PbI2 and methylammonium iodide to form a highly stable hole-conductor free mesoscopic perovskite solar cell. The carboxylic acid group of AVAI favours anchoring to the surface of mesoporous titania. 5-Ammonium valeric acid iodide was used as a precursor to bond together a 2D halide perovskite to a 3D halide perovskite resulting in an ultra-stable hybrid 2D/3D perovskite solar cell (Grancini et al., 2017). A recent study confirmed that 5-ammonium valeric acid iodide used as an additive in methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPI) perovskite solar cells was shown to be beneficial for the stability of the MAPI layer (Zheng et al., 2020).
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Grancini, G., Roldán-Carmona, C., Zimmermann, I., Mosconi, E., Lee, X., Martineau, D., Narbey, S., Oswald, F., De Angelis, F., Graetzel, M., Nazeeruddin, M.K., 2017. One-Year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering. Nature Communications 8, 15684.
Mei, A., Li, X., Liu, L., Ku, Z., Liu, T., Rong, Y., Xu, M., Hu, M., Chen, J., Yang, Y., Grätzel, M., Han, H., 2014. A hole-conductor–free, fully printable mesoscopic perovskite solar cell with high stability. Science 345, 295–298.
Zheng, D., Tong, C., Zhu, T., Rong, Y., Pauporté, T., 2020. Effects of 5-Ammonium Valeric Acid Iodide as Additive on Methyl Ammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Solar Cells. Nanomaterials 10, 2512.