The editorial department of Zhiguanggulian has sorted out the latest important progress of domestic and foreign research teams in the Joule journal in 2023. Today I would like to share with you the emerging applications of hot materials.
Perovskite solar cell series
1. Monolithic perovskite/perovskite/silicon triple-junction solar cell with cationic double-substituted 2.0eV perovskite
For ultra-wide bandgap perovskites , considering efficiency and preparation process compatibility, Xu Fuzong, Erkan Aydin, Stefaan De Wolf and others from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Saudi Arabia adopted organic-inorganic perovskites and took advantage of synergy. Additives: Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) and methylamine iodide (MAI) modify it to significantly increase the efficiency of ultra-wide bandgap perovskite single-junction cells to 15% (one of the highest efficiencies for this bandgap) and its photostability (retaining almost 100% of its initial performance under continuous sunlight for 300 minutes, while the control group retained only 21%). The reason for choosing synergistic additives is that researchers first discovered thiocyanate (SCN - ), which is widely used in perovskites as an additive to increase grain size. In the absence of MA + , it will be limited to calcium. The titanite film in turn facilitates photophase analysis of the film. MA + and SCN- can form low binding energy methylaminothiocyanate (MA-SCN), which evaporates the perovskite film in the form of MA and HSCN gas at 100°C.
This strategy eliminates the negative factors of SCN- while increasing the perovskite grain size, improving various photoelectric parameters and stability of the perovskite film . Regarding the device structure, while giving the specific device structure, the author pointed out that the structure with ultra-thin gold as the connecting layer cannot be used in the three-junction battery because it absorbs seriously in the photoresponsive area of the intermediate junction and reduces the performance of the intermediate junction battery. current thus greatly limits the efficiency of triple-junction cells.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.11.018
2. Record efficiency! High-efficiency ternary hybrid polymer solar cells
Although the solar energy conversion efficiency performance of polymer/polymer hybrid material solar devices is still significantly lower than that of solar cells constructed with small molecule acceptors, it has been found that the ternary hybrid strategy can achieve a very ideal and ideal way to develop nano-sized hybrid structures and Therefore, the stability of the performance of all-polymer solar cells is improved.
Min Jie of Wuhan University and others reported the design of a narrow-band chloride polymer acceptor material PY-2Cl, and introduced PY-2Cl into the PM6:PY-1S1Se host hybrid system. By adding PY-2Cl, the light absorption range can be broadened, the molecular stacking of host-guest receptors can be improved, the mixed microstructure can be stabilized, and non-radiative recombination can be inhibited.
By introducing PY-2Cl, the performance of the PY2Cl:PM6:PY-1S1Se ternary hybrid solar cell device reaches 18.2% (certified efficiency reaches 17.8%), the short-circuit current density reaches 25.74 mA cm -2 , and the filling factor reaches 77%. The performance reaches the best polymer solar cells reported so far.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.12.007
3. Reveal why SnO 2−x is worse than SnO2 in perovskite cells
Reducing nonradiative recombination in SnO 2−x has been a key point in fabricating efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. Controlling oxygen vacancies in SnO2 −x is an effective strategy, but most studies only show the corresponding results without carefully studying the phenomenological part of the strategy.
Jong Hyeok Park et al., Yonsei University, South KoreaIn-depth study and revealed new beneficial effects of controlling oxygen vacancies in SnO2 -x . The oxygen atoms of SnO2 -x are responsible for retaining α- FAPbI3 at the FAPbI3 / SnO2 -x interface by controlling the formation of interstitial iodine , which is a strong initiator of the unfavorable perovskite phase transition. Using crystallographic analysis, the suppression of these phase transitions was observed when oxidized black phosphorus quantum dots reduced oxygen vacancies in SnO2 -x . Furthermore, formamidine (FA) cation retention was also observed as a beneficial effect of this strategy by introducing a hydrogen bonding source for FA cations at the interface. The findings demonstrate the real necessity of reducing oxygen vacancies in SnO2 -x .
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.12.006
4. Record efficiency! Flexible perovskite solar cells
Flexible perovskite solar cells are a technology that can complement traditional Si solar energy. However, flexible perovskite solar cells face the problem of difficult to control the growth of perovskite materials on plastic substrates, and inherently have a high Young's mode. quantity.
Li Yaowen of Suzhou University and others reported an in-situ cross-linking strategy by precisely designing a functional monomer molecule (bis((3-methyloxetan-3-yl)methyl)thiophene-2,5 - dicarboxylate), enabling perovskite to grow on plastic substrates. The flexible perovskite battery device with an area of 0.062 cm2 achieved a record efficiency of 23.4% (certified efficiency 22.9%), as well as excellent battery mechanical stability.
The high-performance flexible perovskite solar cell device retains 90% of its performance after 5,000 bending cycles, and even after extreme bending treatment, the battery performance still retains 88%. This in-situ cross-linking strategy provides assistance for the development of flexible perovskite solar cell devices.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.12.013
5. Record efficiency! Preparation of efficient and stable FAPbI3 perovskite components by rod coating
At room temperature, lead triiodide (FAPbI 3 ) has higher thermodynamic stability in yellow non-perovskites (delta phase) than in black perovskites (alpha phase), allowing the generation of spontaneous α phase to delta phase transition. And the method of stabilizing α- FAPbI3 by alloying perovskites is limited by band gap broadening and halide segregation. In addition, commercial PSCs require coating methods suitable for large-area modules. Recently, Sang Il Seok of the Ulsan Institute of Science and Technology, Jino Im of the Korea Institute of Chemical Technology, and others reported R4N + and Cl −-stabilized α-formamidine lead triiodide and high-efficiency rod-coated microcomponents.
The authors used R4N + cations and Cl− anions to stabilize the α phase of FAPbI3 without band gap broadening. Subsequently, a 31cm high-efficiency perovskite solar micromodule (PSM) was fabricated using a rod coating process , with simultaneous defect passivation and hole transport promotion, allowing it to exhibit a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.23%. The PCE in the 1-cm area fabricated by rod coating was 23.24% (certified PCE was 22.79% and highest in the area fabricated by the scalable rod coating method). Furthermore, the authors found that the encapsulated PSM retained 93% of the initial PCE even after a single exposure to sunlight for 870 hours.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.03.003
6. Revealing the source of stability of 2D perovskites with different rigid organic cations
Dion-Jacobson (DJ) phase 2D perovskites have attracted widespread attention due to their higher stability than 3D perovskites . However, DJ 2D perovskites are not truly strong, creating controversy over their stability. In view of this, academicians Guo Xin, Li Can and others of the Chinese Academy of Sciences revealed the source of stability of 2D perovskites with different rigid organic cations.
The authors found that the stability of DJ 2D perovskites is determined by the rigidity of organic cations, which can induce co-adaptation of organic diammonium cations and inorganic [PbI6]4−octahedrons to stabilize the 2D structure. By comparing three DJ 2D perovskites containing high-stiffness, medium-stiffness, and low-stiffness cations, the authors found that perovskites based on medium-stiffness cations have higher structural stability.
This finding is attributed to appropriate cation rigidity, allowing organic diammonium and inorganic octahedrons to adjust their geometries to fit each other. This work explains the stabilization mechanism of DJ 2D perovskites and provides guidance for building highly stable 2D perovskites by tuning the rigidity of organic cations
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.03.017
7. Covalent bonding strategy for highly stable and efficient perovskite solar cells
Inorganic-organic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted much attention due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, volatile organic components in perovskites tend to migrate or even escape from the perovskite layer under the stimulation of heat and light, resulting in a large number of vacancies, severe non-radiative recombination and ion migration in PSCs. In addition, the organic vapor generated by the perovskite layer accumulates under the gold (Au) electrode, triggering internal stress to form cracks on the gold surface, while reducing the performance of the PSC, hindering its progress towards commercial applications .
Zhan Yiqiang and Wei Anran of Fudan University and Jeremy E. Wulff of Victoria University proposed a new strategy to achieve efficient and stable PSC by introducing bis-diacridine molecules to fix organic cations through covalent bonds. Experimental and ab initio simulation results confirm the efficacy of BD molecules to strongly immobilize organic cations and ultimately enhance the thermal, illumination, and electrical bias resistance properties of perovskites.
The resulting PSC exhibited a high certified efficiency of over 24% and maintained 98.6% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h of operational testing . This strategy also has great potential in other perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.03.019
8. 21.52% certification efficiency! Efficient mixed halide wide-bandgap perovskite photovoltaics
Hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with wide band gap (WBG ) have attracted increasing attention because they are well suited for tandem photovoltaics. However, due to the existence of photoinduced phase separation, its device performance and stability are still not ideal. Here, Cai Molang and Dai Songyuan of North China Electric Power University, and Li Xing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences report the in-situ epitaxial growth of mixed halide wide-gap perovskite barrier structures for high-efficiency photovoltaics.
The authors precisely assembled highly crystalline structures onto WBG perovskite planes through in-situ epitaxial growth of polystyrene sodium sulfonate (PSSS). The study found that this structure contributes to the release of lattice strain, the enhancement of the halide ion migration barrier, and the effective defect passivation of WBG perovskite.
Therefore, the authors achieved an excellent open circuit voltage of 1.25 V (maximum 1.26 V ) and a high efficiency of 21.80% (certified 21.52% ) in a 1.65 eV mixed halide PSC with excellent photostability . In addition, the authors superimposed a translucent device with a certified efficiency of 19.15% on a silicon sub-cell to form a four-terminal series device, achieving an efficiency as high as 28.83% .
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.04.009
9. Hole-free buried layer interface for scalable processing of pin-based FAPbI3 perovskite solar modules
Lead formamidine iodide ( FAPbI3 ) has become one of the most promising perovskite semiconductors in perovskite solar cells ( PSC ) with high power conversion efficiency ( PCE ) and good stability. However, only a few reports address the scalable processing and fabrication of FAPbI3 perovskite solar modules.
Bahram Abdollahi Nejand and Ulrich W. Paetzold of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology report scalable processing of hole - free buried layer interfaces for pin -based FAPbI3 perovskite solar modules. This hole-free perovskite buried layer interface enables upgrading laboratory-scale solar cells ( <1 cm 2 ) to small module sizes ( >10 cm 2 ). During controlled vacuum-assisted growth ( VAG ) of perovskite films , a combination of moderate N flow and the use of MACl as an additive eliminated interfacial voids in the blade-coated large -area FAPbI layer.
Furthermore, PCEs of 20.0% and 18.3% were achieved in blade-coated PSCs ( 0.105 cm ) and fully scalable modules ( aperture area of 12.25 cm and geometric fill factor of 96.3% ), respectively . This promotes the development of FAPbI3 perovskite - based photovoltaics.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.05.017
10. Solvent racing crystallization of low solvation dispersion co-solvents for high-quality halide perovskites in photovoltaics
The solvating ability of the dispersing solvent plays a crucial role in solution processing of metal halide perovskites. N , N- Dimethylformamide ( DMF ) is a widely used dispersion solvent that has high solvating power but produces poor film quality due to its slow crystallization kinetics.
Wu Binghui and Zheng Nanfeng of Xiamen University used low solvating binary co-solvents (nitrile and ether solvents) during the perovskite synthesis process to achieve solvation (i.e., sufficient solubility of the precursor) and desolvation (i.e., rapid membrane crystallization) process. The polarity and hydrogen-bonding properties of these cosolvents synergistically enhance their solvating abilities and facilitate the dissolution of perovskite precursors. Furthermore, the low solvating cosolvent accelerates the crystallization of the interlayer, producing higher quality perovskites than those synthesized with DMF .
The optimized module has an effective area efficiency of 22.27% , while the certified aperture area efficiency is 16.10% , and the corresponding effective area efficiency is 20.75% . This solvation control study provides a general guide for innovative preparation of high-quality halide perovskites.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.05.020
11. High-efficiency double-sided single-junction perovskite solar cells
Compared with single-sided PSC, the performance of double-sided PSC is still insufficient. Therefore, significant efforts are needed to fully demonstrate the potential of bifacial PSCs. An ideal bifacial single-junction PSC should (1) have a front-side illumination efficiency close to that of state-of-the-art single-junction cells, (2) have a high (close to 1) bifaciality (efficiency ratio of back and front lighting), and ( 3) Works well under simultaneous illumination (up to equivalent to 2× sunlight) on both sides of the device.
In view of this, the NREL Zhu Kai & University of Toledo Yan Yanfa team demonstrated efficient double-sided single-junction PSCS, guided by optical and electrical models of transparent conductive back electrodes and perovskite absorption layers. When measured under single-sided lighting, the front and back efficiencies of the double-sided PSC reached 23.3% and 21.3% respectively, and the double-sided rate was 91%-93%. Under simultaneous illumination from both sides, the bifacial PSC produced stable power outputs of 26.9, 28.5, and 30.1 mW/cm with albedos of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5, respectively, highlighting the potential of bifacial PSC. The authors' techno-economic cost analysis and energy yield calculations further reveal the promise of single-junction bifacial PSCs.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.001
12. Efficient, stable and fully printed carbon electrode perovskite solar cells via hole transport bilayers
Printable planar carbon electrodes have the potential to replace thermally evaporated metals as back contacts in perovskite solar cells ( PSCs ). However, the power conversion efficiency ( PCE ) of carbon electrode PSCs ( c-PSCs ) significantly lags behind their metal electrode counterparts. Christoph J. Brabec , Tian Du and others from the University of Erlangen - Nuremberg proposed a hole transport double layer ( HTbL ) structure to simultaneously improve the filling factor and open circuit voltage of c-PSC .
HTbL is prepared by sequentially blade-coating two organic semiconductors between perovskite and carbon. The external HTL enhances hole extraction to carbon, while the internal HTL alleviates perovskite surface recombination. Therefore, the PCE of fully printed c-PSCs with HTbL ( 19.2% ) is better than that of c-PSCs with a single HTL ( 17.3% ).
In addition, the c-PSC can operate stably for 2500 hours in a 1 sun, 65 ° C burn-in test ( ISOS-L-2I ) with negligible PCE degradation, validating its use as a cost-effective Benefit potential of photovoltaic technology.
Original link : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.005
13. Ultra-stable and most efficient carbon electrode fully printed perovskite
In the existing technology, the PCE (efficiency) of low-temperature printable carbon electrode PSCs (c-PSCs) is significantly lower than that of metal electrode counterparts. This efficiency gap is mainly attributed to the lack of charge selectivity or non-charge selectivity at the carbon interface. Problems with ideal ohmic contact.
In view of this, the team of Hans-Joachim Egelhaaf and Christoph J. Brabec of Alexandria University designed a double-layer carrier transport layer (HTbL) structure to simultaneously improve the filling factor and open circuit voltage of c-PSC. HTbL is prepared by sequentially scraping two organic semiconductor materials between perovskite and carbon. The outer layer of HTL enhances the charge extraction of carbon, while the inner layer of HTL alleviates the recombination effect on the perovskite surface. Fully printed c-PSCs prepared with HTbL outperformed single-layer HTL, with a stable highest PCE of 19.2%, compared to 17.3% for single-layer HTL. After an aging test (ISOS-L-2I) of 1 sun, 65°C, and 2,500 hours, it showed almost no PCE degradation, verifying its potential as a cost-effective photovoltaic technology.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.06.005
14. Light-induced halide redistribution in two-dimensional halide perovskite lateral heterostructures
The stability of 3D perovskites can be improved by utilizing specialized low-dimensional perovskites. These 2D perovskites have improved resistance to heat and light, providing 3D devices with protection from environmental stressors. However, understanding the material stability and underlying mechanisms in these 2D layers remains a knowledge gap. In order to better solve the stability of two-dimensional perovskite semiconductor materials. Yan Qi Luo of Argonne National Laboratory and Letian Dou of Purdue University used in-situ synchrotron nanoprobe X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF) to study various two-dimensional halide perovskites (n =1–3) Evolution of halide redistribution within lateral heterostructures.
The results show that iodine(I) undergoes loss in all cases, with the rate of change monotonically following the perovskite dimension. In contrast, in n = 2 and 3 heterostructures, bromine (Br) is relatively more stable than I, with no significant change in the total Br concentration, but a significant amount of Br diffusing into previously I-rich regions. Combining nano-XRF and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), the study found that the crystal dimensionality of n > 1 decreased after UV irradiation, indicating significant structural reconstruction beyond ion migration.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.08.003
15. Research on functional layers in stable Sn-based perovskite batteries
In recent years, by optimizing the three functional layers (i.e., electron transport layers [ETLs], positive hole transport layers [HTLs], and tin-based Ca-based solar cells) in inverted non-toxic tin-based halide perovskite solar cells (TPSCs), Titanium layer), its photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) shows a rapid increase, rapidly increasing from about 5% to more than 14% recently.
In view of this , Professor Qi Yabing from OIST Japan and Liang Jia from Fudan University collaborated to comprehensively discuss the latest progress of the three functional layers in inverted TPSCs. In addition to the typical structure of TPSCs, the main focus of this review is the principles of each functional layer and the interactions between them. In addition, the authors also summarize the latest progress in large-area TPSCs and outline the challenges facing the field of TPSCs, as well as prospects and strategies for achieving high-performance TPSCs.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.08.002
16. Reverse bias elasticity of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Metal halide perovskites have rapidly enabled a range of high-performance photovoltaic technologies. However, catastrophic failure under reverse voltage bias hinders their commercialization. Recently, Barry P. Rand of Princeton University, Stefaan De Wolf of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology and others conducted a series of stress tests to compare perovskite single junction, silicon single junction and monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. reverse bias stability.
The tested perovskite/silicon tandem devices were much more resilient to reverse bias than perovskite single-junction devices. This improved stability results from the silicon subcell's low reverse-bias diode current. This reduces most of the voltage across the silicon subcell, where this voltage distribution advantageously protects the perovskite subcell from reverse bias-induced degradation.
These results highlight that monolithic perovskite/silicon tandems are at a higher state of the art than other perovskite technologies in addressing reverse bias and partial shading challenges, which represents a considerable step toward commercialization. The advantages.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.07.017
17. 28.9%@1 cm2! Ultrastable perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells
According to the latest industry roadmap ITRPV (2023), silicon-based tandem solar cells will become part of the photovoltaic technology portfolio from 2027.In this work, Anita WY Ho-Baillie & Zheng Jianghui of the University of Sydney, Cheng Chun of the Southern University of Science and Technology, and K. Ding of the German Energy Institute developed a novel carbazole-based SAM (Ph-2PACz) for promoting high Efficient hole extraction and suppressed carrier recombination in bandgap (1.67 eV) perovskites for single-junction and tandem cell demonstrations. The 1.67 eV cell with a championship efficiency of 21.3% produced a high fill factor (FF) of 82.6% and an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.26 V, representing a low bandgap voltage offset of 0.41 V.
When applying Ph-2PACz, a PCE of 28.9% (at 1 cm2) and a VOC of 1.91 V were obtained for a monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem top perovskite cell. After encapsulation, the tandem cells demonstrated excellent stability under 1 continuous sun exposure (680 hours) and humid heat (280 hours at 85°C + 85% relative humidity) and passed the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61215 thermal cycle (200 cycles between −40°C and 85°C) testing, retaining 98.8% of the initial PCE.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.09.007
18. CsPbI3 perovskite battery with air preparation and record efficiency
Although organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved certified efficiencies of up to 26.1%, the organic components are unstable under moisture, light and high temperature conditions. By replacing organic cations with inorganic cesium ions, the intrinsic stability is fundamentally improved, providing great hope for the preparation of stable PSCs. However, the commonly used DMAPbI 3 (dimethylammonium [DMA]) or “HPbI 3 ” assisted crystallization method to prepare CsPbI 3 films often results in DMAPbI 3 residue, thereby reducing photovoltaic performance and stability.
In view of this , Professor Hu Jinsong's team at the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a universal hydrogen bond-promoted DMA extraction strategy to prepare high-quality γ-CsPbI without film residues of DMAPbI . This environmentally friendly crystallization process significantly extends the manufacturing humidity and temperature window, improving device stability. PSCs of dopant-free poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) achieve a high efficiency of 20.25% and exhibit excellent storage and illumination stability.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.09.009
19. High-efficiency perovskite/CuInSe2 thin film tandem solar cells
Although tandem solar cells based on mechanically stacked films are easy to fabricate and have no current matching constraints, electrical losses and optical losses still limit the performance of wide-bandgap perovskite semitransparent solar cells in such tandem devices.
Hou Yi from the National University of Singapore, Fu Fan from the Swiss Federal Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology, and others proposed new electrical and optical enhancement methods to maximize the performance of perovskite cells. The authors introduce new electrical and optical techniques that enable semitransparent perovskite cells with efficiencies as high as 20.2% and an average near-infrared transmittance of 81.5% by using methyl diiododiammonium and adjusting the optical interference spectrum.
When paired with a CIS bottom cell, the series efficiency reaches 29.9%. Additionally, these tandem cells can deliver close to 2000 Wh/cm2 per day with competitive power costs ranging from 3 to 5$/KWh over a ±30° latitude range.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.007
20. Polycarbazolephosphonic acid as a multifunctional hole transport material for pin perovskite cells and components
Commonly used poly(triarylamine) and carbazolephosphonic acid ( PACz ) hole transport materials ( HTM ) are limited by their poor wettability to perovskite solutions and poor sensitivity to layer thickness / substrate roughness, respectively. Practical applications in perovskite modules. In order to solve these problems, Yan He of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Chen Shangshang of Nanjing University and others reported a new type of HTM by polymerizing PACz into a universal polymer material.
The resulting polymer HTM (named Poly-4PACz ) has excellent hole extraction ability, which can further suppress interfacial recombination and stabilize the perovskite /HTM interface. Most importantly, Poly-4PACz is highly conductive and insensitive to layer thickness on both indium-doped tin oxide and fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates, which is ideal for scalable coatings of perovskite films. Said it was very ideal.
As a result, the scratch-coated pin perovskite solar cells and modules achieved power conversion efficiencies of 24.4% and 20.7% at aperture areas of 6.84 mm and 25.0 cm , respectively.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.014
21. Utilizing ozone-enhanced nucleation to improve the barrier properties of tin oxide in perovskite cells
Metal halide perovskite solar cells have received increasing attention . The U.S. National Renewable Energy Experiment Axel F. Palmstrom et al. studied the growth of tin oxide on fullerene ( C 60 ) by atomic layer deposition ( ALD ) in PIN metal halide perovskite ( MHP ) solar cells to For electron-selective contacting of C 60 / oxide bilayers.
The authors added an in-situ ozone functionalization step to the ALD SnO process to suppress subsurface growth, thereby improving the internal barrier properties of ALD SnO films grown on fullerene surfaces . The authors show that this approach reduces the water vapor transmission rate of C60 /ALD-SnOx by an order of magnitude and improves the barrier properties against gas, solvent, and halide migration .
Furthermore, ozone-treated SnOx can narrow the photovoltaic performance distribution without affecting efficiency . The authors demonstrate the generalizability of this approach to wide-gap, mid-gap, and low-gap perovskite systems and further demonstrate that enhancement of the ALD barrier is critical for increasing the yield of all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Therefore, the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of double-terminated all-perovskite tandem solar cells combined with ozone nucleation exceeds 24% .
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.009
22. Organic-inorganic hybrid properties make CsPbI3 perovskite batteries efficient and stable
Perovskite solar cells ( PSCs ) based on CsPbI3 have attracted great attention because the inorganic absorber layer has better thermal stability compared with hybrid perovskites . However, CsPbI3 has structural instability in the phase transition from the photoactive phase to the photoinactive phase. The introduction of ( CH3 ) 2NH2I (dimethylammonium iodide [ DMAI ] ) into the CsPbI3 precursor solution can stabilize the β phase of CsPbI3 , but there is still controversy as to whether DMA + is incorporated into the perovskite structure.
Wuhan University of Technology Li Wei et al.reported that organic - inorganic hybrid properties enable CsPbI3 - based perovskite solar cells to become efficient and stable. The authors report clear evidence for the formation of β- ( DMA , Cs ) PbI3 by replacing small ionic radius Cs + with the large organic cation DMA + . The organic - inorganic hybrid β- ( DMA , Cs ) PbI has better optoelectronic properties than the inorganic orthorhombic (γ phase) CsPbI .
Therefore, PSCs based on β- ( DMA , Cs ) PbI3 have a high power conversion efficiency of 19.76% . These results indicate that hybrid β- ( CDMA , Cs ) PbI is more suitable for efficient and stable PSCs compared with inorganic γ -CsPbI .
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.019
23. Overcoming ion migration through alkali metals in perovskite solar cells
Alkali metals, as additives in perovskite solar cells ( PSCs ), have been widely studied for their effects on performance enhancement. This performance is sensitive to ion-driven interfacial recombination processes that result in voltage losses and have negative capacitance features in the impedance spectroscopy ( IS ). Recently, Michael Saliba , Clara A. Aranda and others from the University of Stuttgart used negative capacitance as a tool to systematically study the effects of Li , Na and K on the photovoltage of the wide band gap material MAPbBr 3 .
The authors found that sodium cations can alleviate unfavorable interfacial recombination pathways, resulting in a stable open circuit potential of 1.65V . Impedance measurements showed that sodium has a significant effect on material volume, which was confirmed by femtosecond secondary ion mass spectrometry and X -ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
These techniques confirmed Na 's ability to reduce ion migration in perovskite materials. The authors found through X -ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) analysis that Na achieves this function through electrostatic interactions with organic compounds.
Original link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.11.011
24. Efficiency exceeds 25%! Stabilizing the photoactive α-phase perovskite lattice via a subsurface lattice reconstruction strategy
In ABX type 3 perovskites, there is competition between corner-sharing octahedrons and face-sharing octahedrons. Typically unstable corner-sharing octahedrons tend to transform into more stable face-sharing octahedrons. Particularly, in FA-based perovskites, some face-sharing octahedrons are inevitably formed, which can serve as seeds to promote the transformation of corner-sharing octahedrons to face-sharing octahedrons.
Professor Wallace CH Choy from the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Hong Kong, Professor Xu Baomin from Southern University of Science and Technology, Professor Wang Yong from Zhejiang University and others developed a subsurface lattice reconstruction (SLR) strategy by introducing polar polyphosphate ethylenediaminetetrakis. (methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP), while adjusting the planar positions of Pb 2+ and I − on the FA 0.92 Cs 0.08 PbI 3 subsurface , thereby forming a lattice-reconstructed subsurface.
Research results show that this subsurface lattice reconstruction strategy well stabilizes the photoactive α-phase perovskite lattice, achieving ~25% efficiency and excellent stability. These perovskite cells demonstrated excellent stability, maintaining 96% initial efficiency after 6,000 hours of storage and 95% after more than 3,000 hours of maximum power point (MPP) testing.
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