Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved a certified efficiency (PCE) of 25.5% and show potential for low-cost photovoltaic applications. One of the keys to push PSCs into industrialization is to expand their effective area. However, the PCE of large-area PSCs is significantly limited by the unexpected increase in series resistance (RS), which leads to a significant loss in fill factor (FF).
Here we tune RS in fully printable mesoscopic PSCs with carbon electrodes by optimizing the device geometry, collecting current from the electrodes, and increasing the conductivity of the back electrode.
Rectangular device shape and tin busbars on conductive substrate effectively reduce RS. Meanwhile, the additional hot-pressed high-conductivity low-temperature carbon layer on the back carbon electrode also reduces the RS. A PCE of 13.99% was obtained at 1 cm2 PSC by RS modulation, while that of the control device was only 7.74%. The increase in PCE was due to the increase in FF from 0.372 to 0.638 and the decrease in RS from 27.13 to 9.66 & Omega; cm2.
E-mail: info@chemborun.com
Tel: +86-574-87178138 
No. 1558, Jiangnan Road,, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (Mainland)/31
